Some bassoons have two joints that together comprise the bass joint. The bell (6), extending upward the bass joint (or long joint) (5), connecting the bell and the boot the boot (or butt) (4), at the bottom of the instrument and folding over on itself the wing joint (or tenor joint) (3), which extends from boot to bocal and the bocal (or crook) (2), a crooked metal tube that attaches the wing joint to a reed (1) ( listen ( help The bassoon disassembles into six main pieces, including the reed. The extensive high register of the bassoon and its frequent role as a lyric tenor have meant that tenor clef is very commonly employed in its literature after the Baroque, partly to avoid excessive ledger lines, and, beginning in the 20th century, treble clef is also seen for similar reasons.Ī spectrogram of the bassoon's B ♭ in four octaves. French bassoon has greater facility in the extreme high register, and so repertoire written for it is somewhat likelier to include very high notes, although repertoire for French system can be executed on German system without alterations and vice versa. Notes higher than this are entirely possible, but seldom written, as they are difficult to produce (often requiring specific reed design features to ensure reliability), and at any rate are quite homogeneous in timbre to the same pitches on cor anglais, which can produce them with relative ease. However, most writing for bassoon rarely calls for notes above C 5 or D 5 even Stravinsky's opening solo in The Rite of Spring only ascends to D 5. The range of the bassoon begins at B ♭ 1 (the first one below the bass staff) and extends upward over three octaves, roughly to the G above the treble staff (G 5). A further discrepancy lies in the fact that the dulcian was carved out of a single block of wood-in other words, a single "stick" and not a bundle. Some think that it may resemble the Roman fasces, a standard of bound sticks with an axe. Further citation is needed to prove the lack of relation between the meaning "bundle of sticks" and "fagotto" (Italian) or variants.
However an early English variation, "faget", was used as early as 1450 to refer to firewood, which is 100 years before the earliest recorded use of the dulcian (1550). However, the usual etymology that equates fagotto with "bundle of sticks" is somewhat misleading, as the latter term did not come into general use until later. The dulcian came to be known as fagotto in Italy. Fagot is an Old French word meaning a bundle of sticks. However, the Italian name for the same instrument is fagotto, in Spanish and Romanian it is fagot, and in German Fagott. The word bassoon comes from French basson and from Italian bassone ( basso with the augmentative suffix -one).
One who plays a bassoon is called a bassoonist. Appearing in its modern form in the 19th century, the bassoon figures prominently in orchestral, concert band, and chamber music literature, and is occasionally heard in pop, rock, and jazz settings as well. Its fingering system can be quite complex when compared to those of other instruments.
Sound is produced by rolling both lips over the reed and blowing direct air pressure to cause the reed to vibrate. It is typically played while sitting using a seat strap, but can be played while standing if the player has a harness to hold the instrument. There are two forms of modern bassoon: the Buffet (or French) and Heckel (or German) systems. It is a non-transposing instrument and typically its music is written in the bass and tenor clefs, and sometimes in the treble. It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide range, versatility, and virtuosity. It is composed of six pieces, and is usually made of wood or synthetic plastic. The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family, which plays in the tenor and bass ranges.
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